GPR151在慢性疼痛中的作用研究进展

Research Progress on the role of GPR151 in chronic pain

摘要:

慢性疼痛是一种持续或反复发作三个月以上的疼痛，主要包括神经病理性疼痛和炎症性疼痛，但发病机制还不完全清楚。G蛋白偶联受体（GPCRs）是一类庞大的膜蛋白受体家族，它们作为细胞表面的重要受体在慢性疼痛的发生发展中起关键作用。GPCRs的部分成员因内源性配体未知而被称作“孤儿受体”。目前越来越多的“孤儿受体”被证实在疼痛信号传导中具有重要作用，GPR151是其中之一。它通过提升神经元兴奋性、介导感觉神经元与小胶质细胞之间的通讯等方式参与多种慢性疼痛的痛觉敏化。因此，GPR151可能作为治疗慢性疼痛的潜在分子靶点。本文对GPR151在慢性疼痛调控中的作用和机制进行梳理，讨论当前研究中存在的争议与挑战，并对其转化前景进行了展望。

Abstract:

Chronic pain is pain that persists or recurs for more than three months, mainly including neuropathic pain and inflammatory pain, but its pathogenesis is not yet fully understood. G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a large family of membrane protein receptors that play an important role in the development and maintenance of chronic pain. Some members of GPCRs are referred to as “orphan receptors” because their endogenous ligands remain unknown. An increasing number of orphan receptors have been demonstrated to play important roles in pain signal transduction, and GPR151 is one of them. It contributes to pain sensitization in various types of chronic pain by enhancing neuronal excitability and mediating communication between sensory neurons and microglia. Therefore, GPR151 may serve as a potential molecular target for the treatment of chronic pain. This article reviews the role and mechanisms of GPR151 in the regulation of chronic pain, discusses the controversies and challenges in current research, and provides perspectives on its translational potential.