神经阻滞疗法在治疗急性期带状疱疹性神经痛中的研究进展

Research Progress of Nerve Block Therapy in the Treatment of Acute herpes zoster neuralgia

摘要:

急性期带状疱疹性神经痛是带状疱疹的常见并发症,易发生于高龄及免疫力低下的人群,严重影响患者的生活质量。药物治疗是基础治疗方式,但存在起效缓慢和副作用明显等局限性。神经阻滞疗法通过对受累神经节进行精准干预,与口服药物联合应用,在降低药物不良反应的同时,有效缓解患者疼痛改善其生活质量,是临床指南推荐的一线治疗方法。神经阻滞疗法包括椎旁神经阻滞和硬膜外阻滞等技术,现已广泛应用于临床,但仍存在一定的局限性。本文就各种神经阻滞疗法治疗急性期带状疱疹性神经痛的原理、疗效、影响因素等进行简要描述,以期为临床提供参考依据。

Abstract:

Acute herpetic neuralgia, a common complication of herpes zoster, predominantly affects elderly and immunocompromised individuals, severely compromising patients" quality of life. While pharmacotherapy serves as the foundational treatment, its utility is constrained by delayed efficacy and significant adverse effects. Nerve block therapy—recommended as first-line intervention in clinical guidelines—delivers precise modulation of affected ganglia and synergizes with oral medications, reducing drug-related toxicity while effectively alleviating pain and improving quality of life. Although techniques such as paravertebral block and epidural block are now extensively implemented clinically, inherent limitations remain. This article reviews the mechanisms, therapeutic outcomes, and determinants of nerve block therapies for acute herpetic neuralgia, to inform clinical decision-making.