共情性疼痛的神经生物学机制

Neurobiological mechanisms of empathic pain

摘要:

共情指个体感知、理解他人情绪状态并产生情感共鸣的能力,是维系社会联结与协作的认知基础。共情性疼痛指的是个体在观察或想象他人经历痛苦时产生的类似疼痛体验,共情性疼痛概念的提出开辟了疼痛和镇痛研究的新领域,对优化疼痛管理、改善医患沟通及预防共情疲劳具有重要临床价值。本文回顾了人类与动物的共情性疼痛研究,系统地梳理了共情性疼痛的评估方法和影响因素,介绍了共情性疼痛的理论模型、动物模型以及共情性疼痛基于动物模型和人类影像学的神经生物学机制,并讨论了共情性疼痛的治疗策略,最后对共情性疼痛研究未来的发展方向作出了展望。

Abstract:

Empathy refers to an individual"s ability to perceive, understand, and emotionally resonate with others" affective states, serving as the cognitive foundation for maintaining social bonds and cooperation. Empathic pain describes the vicarious pain-like experience evoked when observing or imagining others" suffering. The conceptualization of empathic pain has established a novel research domain in pain and analgesia studies, holding significant clinical value for optimizing pain management, enhancing clinician-patient communication, and preventing empathy fatigue. This review synthesizes human and animal studies on empathic pain, systematically examines its assessment methods and influencing factors, introduces theoretical and animal models, elucidates neurobiological mechanisms based on cross-species evidence (animal models and human neuroimaging), discusses therapeutic strategies, and outlines future research directions.