Abstract:Chronic pain is a prevalent clinical condition with complex etiology and pathogenesis, for which conventional therapies often yield suboptimal outcomes, necessitating more effective interventions. As a neuromodulation technique, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has emerged as a primary therapeutic approach for chronic pain management. The closed-loop spinal cord stimulation (CL-SCS) system represents a significant innovation in SCS technology, demonstrating superior efficacy and safety profiles compared to traditional pain management modalities, and has consequently become a research focus in chronic pain treatment. However, as a highly effective and safe therapeutic option, the development and clinical application of CL-SCS systems in China remain in their infancy, with a paucity of related studies. This study systematically synthesize existing literature on CL-SCS systems, analyzing their architectural components and optimization strategies, clinical indications, contraindications, adverse events, outcome measures for efficacy evaluation, and therapeutic effects on chronic pain. The findings aim to enhance the clinical application of CL-SCS systems, expand treatment options for chronic pain, and provide insights for future clinical research on CL-SCS technology.
