外泌体非编码RNA在椎间盘退变治疗中的研究进展

Advances in Exosomal Non-Coding RNA for Treating Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

摘要:

椎间盘退变（Intervertebral disc degeneration，IVDD）是导致慢性腰背痛的核心病理，其发病机制涉及髓核细胞凋亡、细胞外基质（Extracellular matrix，ECM）降解及炎症微环境失衡。外泌体非编码RNA通过多靶点调控能力，有望成为逆转IVDD的新兴策略。本文拟通过构建“多细胞来源-非编码RNA互作-病理修复”三维框架，系统整合外泌体非编码RNA在IVDD修复中调控网络与转化潜力，为IVDD从机制研究到精准治疗提供理论支撑。未来需突破机制研究失衡、靶细胞局限的瓶颈，解析外泌体非编码RNA间互作规律，加速仿生递送系统开发，实现临床转化突破。

Abstract:

Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a core pathological process underlying chronic low back pain, involving nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis, extracellular matrix (ECM) degradation, and inflammatory microenvironment imbalance. Exosomal non-coding RNA, with their multi-target regulatory capacity, represent a promising strategy to reverse IVDD progression. This review proposes a three-dimensional framework integrating "multi-cellular sources, non-coding RNA interactions, and pathological repair" to systematically summarize the regulatory networks and translational potential of exosomal non-coding RNA in IVDD treatment. We further highlight the need to address current limitations, including imbalanced mechanistic studies and cell-type specificity barriers, by deciphering ncRNA crosstalk and advancing biomimetic delivery systems to accelerate clinical translation.