Abstract:Migraine is a primary nervous system disease caused by various factors, and its frequency, severity, and duration have different effects on the physical and psychological well-being of patients. In severe cases, it can lead to significant anxiety, depression, cognitive decline, and even other more adverse consequences. Although there has been extensive research on the pathogenesis of migraine, many key mechanisms related to it have not been elucidated. Currently, research has shown that factors such as cortical spreading depolarization (CSD) or energy imbalance activate and sensitize the trigeminal nervous system, releasing various neuropeptides, vasoactive agents, and inflammatory cytokines, leading to aseptic inflammation and headache. This review will provide a detailed description of the above substances and their related effects related to migraine attacks, which will help to better understand the role of these substances in the pathogenesis of migraine and have a positive suggestive effect on the treatment or prevention of migraine.
