针刺缓解膝骨关节炎疼痛机制的研究进展

Research progress on the mechanisms of acupuncture in alleviating pain in knee osteoarthritis

摘要:

膝骨关节炎（knee osteoarthritis，KOA）是一种常见的退行性疾病，特别是老年人群患病率极高，且常伴随疼痛、运动障碍和生活质量降低等临床表现。尽管药物可以缓解KOA的疼痛症状，但长期使用会产生不可避免的副作用。针刺是一种有效的非药物治疗方法，可缓解KOA疼痛并提高患者生活质量。国内外关于针刺治疗KOA疼痛机制的综述较少，本文从疼痛传导途径着手，聚焦针刺发挥镇痛的作用机制，包括针刺作用于外周组织器官和中枢神经系统，通过调节痛觉传导物质、免疫炎症因子、促进内源性镇痛物质释放缓解关节疼痛，改善关节功能。通过简述KOA疼痛的产生以及针刺缓解KOA疼痛的机制，以期为促进针刺治疗KOA疼痛的临床实践提供理论依据与治疗思路。

Abstract:

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a common degenerative disease, extremely high prevalence among older populations, and is clinically characterized by pain, limited mobility, and decreased quality of life. Although drugs can relieve the pain of KOA, long-term use of drugs inevitably causes side effects. Acupuncture is an effective non-pharmacological treatment method to relieve KOA pain and improves quality life of patients. In the world, there are few reviews about the mechanisms of acupuncture in treatment of KOA pain , this paper profits from the pain conduction pathway and focuses on the analgesic effects of acupuncture, including acupuncture acts on peripheral tissue organs and central nervous system to alleviate joint pain and improve joint function, through regulating the nociceptive conduction , immune inflammatory factors to promote the release of endogenous analgesic substances. Outlines the pathogenesis of KOA pain and the mechanisms of acupuncture analgesia, with the aim of providing a theoretical basis and therapeutic ideas for promoting the clinical practice of acupuncture in the treatment of KOA pain.